Role of Centella asiatica in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss, affecting millions worldwide. As synthetic medications often prove ineffective or cause severe side effects, natural remedies are gaining attention. This review explores the potential of Centella asiatica, a herb traditionally used in oriental medicine, in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Centella asiatica contains various bioactive compounds, including triterpenoids, asiaticoside, and madecassoside, which contribute to its medicinal properties. Studies suggest that Centella asiatica may enhance cognitive function through multiple mechanisms, such as inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity, reducing phospholipase A2 activity, protecting against β-amyloid formation, and modulating oxidative stress responses. The plant's effects on neuronal morphology, learning performance, and memory retention have been demonstrated in animal models. Additionally, Centella asiatica extract has shown promise in attenuating Aβ plaque-associated oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cortex. While these findings are encouraging, further research is needed to fully elucidate the herb's mechanisms of action and evaluate its efficacy in human clinical trials. This review highlights the potential of Centella asiatica as a promising natural intervention for Alzheimer's disease and emphasizes the need for continued investigation into its therapeutic applications.