Foundations of HPLC: Exploring the Basics of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Techniques

Abstract

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) stands as a foundational pillar in modern analytical chemistry, presenting a diverse array of applications crucial in pharmaceutical, chemical, and biological sciences. This review article aims to provide an introductory exploration into the fundamental principles of HPLC and its multifaceted applications in various industries. The introductory section elucidates the core concepts of HPLC, delineating its working mechanisms, including sample preparation, injection, mobile phase flow, separation in the column, detection, data analysis, and interpretation. Emphasizing the importance of HPLC's high sensitivity, resolution, and reproducibility, this section serves as a primer for those venturing into the world of chromatography. The subsequent sections delve into the extensive applications of HPLC, ranging from pharmaceutical quality control, drug purity analysis, and pharmacokinetics to environmental monitoring, food analysis, and forensic studies. By providing detailed insights into the use of HPLC in different realms, this article aims to showcase its significance as a versatile tool for analyzing and quantifying various compounds. The article concludes by highlighting the significance of HPLC as an indispensable analytical technique, essential for both research and quality control in multiple industries. By presenting an overview of HPLC's foundational principles and wide-ranging applications, this review aims to serve as a starting point for those seeking a comprehensive understanding of HPLC's role in modern analytical sciences. This abstract provides a brief yet comprehensive overview of the review article, detailing the contents and focus on both the introduction to HPLC and its diverse applications across various fields.