Car-T cells therapy: A revolutionary approach for malignancy

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells therapy functions as adoptive cell therapy. Transferred cancer cells (CAR-T cells) therapy works by retraining a patient's T cells toward their natural tumor-fighting abilities. Scientists use genetic manipulation to add CARs to T cells so they become highly efficient cancer-weapons. The receptor system incorporates signaling regions derived from T cells receptors that link with external fragment variable-single chain (scFv) linked antibody domains. Through this development T cells gain the ability to recognize tumors without needing human leucocyte antigen expression. The therapeutic approach using CAR-T cells achieves outstanding success by treating lymphoid cancer types including leukemia and lymphoma. CAR-T cells therapy represents an innovative cancer treatment method that uses immune system powers to find and destroy cancer cells. Clinical studies demonstrate that CAR-T cells generate extended disease control in patients who have B cell cancers while maintaining low sustained toxicity profiles and can potentially cure certain subgroups of patients. The medicine NexCAR19 represents India's inaugural CAR T-cell therapy system that marks a groundbreaking step forward for treating leukemia patients. The CDSCO granted approval to CAR-T cells therapy following development by Immuno ACT which operates as a startup incubated at IITB but this effective treatment comes with CRS and neurological side effects. Ongoing medical research works to enhance treatment procedures and study CAR design improvements alongside identification of resistance factors.