Harnessing Nanorobotic Technology for Precision Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This review explores the emerging field of nanorobotics and its applications in precision cancer treatment. Nanorobots, engineered devices ranging from 0.1-10 micrometers in size, offer unprecedented capabilities for targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions at the cellular level. We examine the key types of nanorobots - organic, inorganic, and hybrid - highlighting their unique properties and potential applications. The review discusses critical features of nanorobots including size, targeting mechanisms, multifunctionality, biocompatibility, and controllability. Various fabrication techniques, from top-down to bottom-up approaches, are outlined. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of nanorobot applications in cancer treatment, including targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, and surgical applications. Current research and early-phase clinical trials are reviewed, showcasing the progress and challenges in translating nanorobotic technologies from laboratory to clinic. Technical, biological, and ethical challenges are addressed, along with regulatory considerations. Finally, we explore future prospects and emerging trends, including advanced materials, AI integration, and Theranostics capabilities. This review underscores the transformative potential of nanorobotics in cancer treatment while acknowledging the hurdles that must be overcome for widespread clinical implementation.