A Comprehensive Clinical Review on Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to pose a significant global health challenge, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in medical science, the intricate interplay of genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices complicates effective CVD management. Precision medicine offers a transformative approach by tailoring healthcare interventions to individual patient profiles, integrating data from genomics, proteomics, and digital health sources to enhance diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment efficacy, and improve outcomes. However, the adoption of precision medicine in cardiovascular care faces formidable socio-political barriers, requiring robust digital infrastructure and collaborative efforts across stakeholders to overcome challenges related to data integration, privacy concerns, and ethical implications. This comprehensive review explores genetic insights in CVDs, omics technologies, risk prediction strategies, pharmacogenomics, targeted therapies, and the ethical considerations pivotal to advancing precision medicine in cardiovascular health. Future directions highlight the promise of genomics, biomarker discovery, and artificial intelligence in revolutionizing CVD management, emphasizing the potential for personalized, effective, and equitable healthcare solutions.