Lecanemab: A Recently Researched Drug for Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a vastly operable neurological disease, that typically affects people over the age of 65. As individuals age, the number of neurons in their brains tends to decrease gradually in healthy individuals, but AD sufferers' brains exhibit a substantial rise in neuron death, frequently leading to a considerable decline in cognitive function. At this time, only postmortem brain biopsies can provide a conclusive diagnosis of AD by identifying extracellular amyloid beta plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles. In this review, lecanemab, a phase-three disease-modifying biologic therapy, is discussed along with its background and current clinical trials for AD. In recent years, researchers have developed monoclonal antibodies that can target and remove amyloid-beta proteins, which are believed to contribute to the development & progression of AD. These antibodies include drugs like Aducanumab, Bapineuzumab, Gantenerumab, Solanezumab, and Lecanemab. The idea behind these drugs is that a breakdown in the body’s natural ability to clear amyloid-beta protein can contribute to the development of AD. Clinical studies have been carried out to test the effectiveness of these antibodies in treating AD. We concentrated on the topic of lecanemab effects on AD pathogenesis and clinical characteristics. The review offers potential support for using immunotherapy with mabs (lecanemab) in AD and analyses the clinical trial lessons learned to further research the beneficial and harmful effects of this on anti-amyloid beta AD.