Flaxseed Oil and Its Chemical Composition: A Comprehensive Review of Associated Health Benefits

Abstract

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L) is a time-honored perennial plant species known for its versatility, primarily due to its high content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as α-linolenic acid (ALA). Detailed biochemical studies of flaxseed have led to the discovery of its bioactive compounds, particularly lignans, which hold promise for enhancing human health. The oil, fibers, and lignans derived from flaxseed offer potential health advantages, including the mitigation of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, and various autoimmune and neurological disorders, thereby expanding the plant's range of applications. This review centers on flaxseed oil as the primary product highlighting the connection between its chemical makeup and its biological effects. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of flaxseed oil, detailing the mechanisms of action associated with its phytochemical composition and comparing it to other oils. This study offers the most current and exhaustive review, summarizing the health benefits of flaxseed oil for treating various diseases.