Exploring the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Psoriasis: Molecular Insights and Translational Relevance

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin condition characterized by rapid skin cell turnover, resulting in pain, inflammation, and scaling. Due to the side effects associated with conventional treatments, there is growing interest in alternative therapies that utilize natural phytochemicals sourced from plants, fruits, and herbs. This systematic review explores the potential of these compounds, including flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, and essential oils, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects.

However, the clinical application of these natural compounds is often limited by issues like poor water solubility, chemical instability, and low bioavailability. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, ethosomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles, present effective strategies for overcoming these challenges. They enhance drug solubility, improve skin permeation, and allow for controlled, site-specific release.

The findings indicate that phytochemicals could serve as valuable complements or alternatives to existing psoriasis treatments. While further research is necessary to optimize their clinical application and establish standardized protocols, the integration of phytochemicals with nanotechnology represents a promising new approach in dermatology, offering safer and more effective long-term treatment options for psoriasis patients.